主蒸発
ある種のポリマーは粘度が高いため、濃厚相での重合が妨げられる場合がございます。このような場合、モノマーは適切な溶媒を大過剰に用いて重合する必要があります。
この溶液重合の後、低粘度のポリマー・溶媒溶液は、通常、フラッシュ蒸発によって予備濃縮されます。ポリマー溶液を濃縮できる固形分濃度は、フラッシュ容器内での粘性溶液の流動性によって制限されます。
より高い固形分濃度を達成するには、LISTニーディングリアクターが理想的かつ最も経済的な技術です。これにより、ポリマー溶液を固形分濃度90～95％まで濃縮することが可能です。
LISTプロセスは非常に優れたスケーラビリティを備えております。これは、溶媒の蒸発に必要な熱エネルギーが、主に機械的な混練エネルギーによって供給されるためです。低粘度のポリマー溶液の蒸発によって生じる泡は、粘性のあるポリマー塊によって効果的に除去されます。さらに、LISTニーディングリアクターは製品温度を精密に制御できます。これにより、低温でのクズの生成や、高温での熱劣化を防止します。
最終的な品質に仕上げるための後続のプロセス工程は、脱揮（デボラタイゼーション）です。
特性
例
エラストマー
- エチレン・プロピレンゴム（EPDM）
- ポリブタジエンゴム（BR）
- ブチル（イソブチレン・イソプレン）ゴム（IIR）
- ポリイソプレンゴム（IR）
- 溶液重合スチレン・ブタジエンゴム（S-SBR）
- ポリオレフィンエラストマー（POE）
- アクリロニトリル・ブタジエンゴム（NBR）
熱可塑性エラストマー
- スチレンブロック共重合体（SBS、SIS）
ダウンロード
Devolatilization of solvents from viscous polymer cement is realized through stripping of solvent with steam in stirred vessels or directly by evaporating the solvent from the polymer. The later so-called direct desolventizing is realized in extruders or high volume kneaders. All 3 methods involve additional energy to drive out solvent either by partial pressure through additional steam (steam stripping), building and releasing pressure in order to explode the polymer bulk (extruder) or dynamic surface renewal (kneader).
言語：英語 / 制作年：2005年
Eine konzentrierte Elastomerlösung (weniger als 20 % Lösungsmittel) wird einem großvolumigen Knetreaktor zugeführt, um das Lösungsmittel bis auf ppm-Gehalte zu entfernen. Um diesen Entgasungsschritt zu beschreiben, wurde ein Simulationsprogramm entwickelt. Das Programm errechnet den Restlösungsmittelgehalt, den Füllgrad und das Drehmoment des Reaktors. Es kann sowohl der Feineinstellung sowie auch dem Scale-up des Prozesses dienen.
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2005年
A concentrated rubber solution (less than 20 % solvent) is fed to a high volume kneader in order to remove the solvent down to ppm level. A simulation program has been developed to describe this devolatilization step. The program predicts final solvent content, the filling level and the mechanical torque build-up. The program can be used to refine process control and the scale-up of this type of process.
言語：英語 / 2005年
The achievable final volatile content within kneader devolatilization processes is highly dependent on the final melt temperature. For thermosensitive polymers the state of the art process performs poorly. The amount of dissipated energy leads to a heat up of the polymer, limiting the maximal kneader shaft speed and therefore volatile removal rate. This new process uses a suitable additional volatile compound to cool off the dissipated energy by evaporation using the off gas to strip and boost the mass transfer coefficient. A complex multi-parameter study is presented, to predict performance of industrial equipment from pilot scale data.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2011年
For decades, conventional polymerisation has been the norm in the production of elastomers. The time and cost involved in removing and treating solvents in the final stages of production were acceptable. Yet as pressure builds on manufacturers to reduce operating costs, there is greater urgency to develop processes that can help streamline costs and production techniques. One such effort has yielded extremely promising results.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2015年
Conventional polymerisation in the production of elastomers has been the norm for decades. The time and cost involved in removing and treating solvents in th e final stages of production , for example, were acceptable, but as pressure builds on manufacturers to reduce operating costs, there is greater urgency to develop processes that can help streamline cost and production. One such effort has yielded extremely promising results.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2013年
For decades, conventional polymerization in the production of elastomers has been the norm. The time and cost involved in removing and treating solvents in the final stages of production, for example, were acceptable. But as pressure builds on manufacturers to reduce operating costs, there is greater urgency to develop processes that can help streamline cost and production. One such effort by List AG has yielded promising results.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2014年
Die bestehenden Technologien für die Aufbereitung von Polymeren nach der Polymerisation können in ein-, zwei- und mehrstufige Verfahren unterteilt werden. Dem entsprechend kommen Stripptechnologien mit nachgeschalteter mechanischer und thermischer Entfernung der Hilfsmittel, Extruder in verschiedenen Bauarten und großvolumige Kneter zum Einsatz. Die Knetertechnologie ist vor allem für temperatur- und scherempfindliche Polymermassen geeignet, bei denen die Entgasung diffusionsbestimmt ist.
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2006年
The difference in the production of PA6 in comparison to that of other polymers is the downstream water extraction and drying after the granulation. During these process steps, the monomer and the oligomer contents in the final product are reduced in the 0.2 to 0.6 ww/w range. The installed units for extraction and drying of the final granulated product are characterized by their large energy consumption, which considerably influences manufacturing costs.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2002年
Synthetic elastomers have been produced for over 50 years. Advances in catalyst systems and polymer formulations have been somewhat diminished by the continued use of the same processing technology. In particular, the use of coagulation, steam stripping, mechanical dewatering, and convective drying for the devolatilization of temperature sensitive elastomeric solutions can be replaced with direct devolatilization using kneader technology. A two-step, direct devolatilization process has demonstrated energy savings and advantages in environmental emissions and process/product flexibility when compared to the conventional steam stripping process.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2008年
Der Einsatz von großen Lösemittelmengen in Polymerisationsprozessen mit den damit verbundenen Nachteilen muss nicht sein. Ein optimiertes Verfahren ermöglicht die direkte Entgasung von Lösemitteln, ohne dabei Strippmittel einsetzen zu müssen. Aufwendige Trennschritte werden so vermieden und höhere Produktqualitäten können erreicht werden.
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2010年
Polymerprozesse – Aufbereitung und Finishing von Polymeren – Knetertechnologie in der Polymeraufbereitung – Wirtschaftlichkeit
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2006年
Das Fraunhofer-Pilotanlagenzentrum für Polymersynthese und -verarbeitung
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2005年
Energieeinsparung und Qualitätsverbesserung durch indirekte Eindampfung von Polymerlösungen oder direkte Polymerisation und Polykondensation
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2004年
The achievable final volatile content within kneader devolatilization processes is highly dependent on the final melt temperature. For thermosensitive polymers the state of the art process performs poorly. The amount of dissipated energy leads to a heat up of the polymer, limiting the maximal kneader shaft speed and therefore volatile removal rate. This new process uses a suitable additional volatile compound to cool off the dissipated energy by evaporation using the off gas to strip and boost the mass transfer coefficient. A complex multi-parameter study is presented, to predict performance of industrial equipment from pilot scale data.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2011年
Die Synthese von Kautschuk ist ein wichtiger Prozess: Hersteller von Gummiprodukten – ganz gleich ob Autoreifen oder Kondome – benötigen hochwertigen Kautschuk als Ausgangswerkstoff. Doch die Kautschukerzeugung ist teuer und verschlingt große Mengen an Energie. Forschern des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP in Potsdam ist es gemeinsam mit ihren Entwicklungspartnern LIST AG und Dow Olefinverbund GmbH gelungen, den Energiebedarf der Kautschuksynthese um 76 Prozent zu senken.
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2007年
Kneader reactors are used for combined unitary processing in the polymer industry for devolatilization, compounding or polymerization. In the past, mass transport prediction for devolatilization operations in kneader reactors did not match experimental results, when diffusion was assumed as sole driving force. It was detected that there is an additional concentration and temperature dependent driving force that triggers enhanced transport at finite solvent concentrations by orders of magnitude. The author suggests that the underlying root cause is likely micro bubble formation within the polymer melt. An attempt to model this additional mass transport mechanism is presented.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2008年
Der Einsatz von großen Lösungsmittelmengen in Polymerisationsprozessen mit den damit verbundenen Nachteilen muss nicht sein. Ein neues Verfahren beschreitet neue Wege: Kneten statt strippen lautet die Devise.
言語：ドイツ語 / 年：2010年
The synthesis of most elastomers is carried out either by Solution or emulsion polymerization. After the polymcrization step, the polymer is separated from the solvent or emulsifying agents. This separation requires several process steps including coagulation, Stripping, various mechanical separation stages, and finally diying. Beyond that, the existing technologies are energy consuming, waste solvent must be incinerated, and the installation of main and ancillaiy equipment occupies large spaces.
言語：英語 / 年：2007年
Large volume kneaders are designed to handle highly viscous polymer processing. The unitary operations can be compounding, polymerizations, devolatilization or drying. Depending on the polymer viscosity in the kneader, the interaction of kneading elements induce a torque and force evolution on the shaft over one revolution.
言語：英語 / 制作年：2006年
